Last updated: 2026-10-15 · Cultural reference only

What is Can Chi?

Can Chi (Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches, also "Giáp Tý") is the cyclical naming system of East Asia, used to name years, months, days and hours. It pairs 10 Heavenly Stems (Thiên can) with 12 Earthly Branches (Địa chi), giving a 60-name cycle (lục thập hoa giáp). That is why people say "year Giáp Thìn", "day Mậu Ngọ" or "hour Tý".

The 10 Heavenly Stems

Each stem has an element and a yin or yang nature; the odd-numbered stems (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th) are yang.

StemElementYin/Yang
GiápWoodYang
ẤtWoodYin
BínhFireYang
ĐinhFireYin
MậuEarthYang
KỷEarthYin
CanhMetalYang
TânMetalYin
NhâmWaterYang
QuýWaterYin

The 12 Earthly Branches and animals

The branches match the 12 zodiac animals and also divide a day into 12 two-hour periods; the Tý hour starts at 23:00 the evening before.

BranchAnimalElementYin/YangHours
TýRatWaterYang23:00–01:00
SửuOxEarthYin01:00–03:00
DầnTigerWoodYang03:00–05:00
MãoCat (Rabbit)WoodYin05:00–07:00
ThìnDragonEarthYang07:00–09:00
TỵSnakeFireYin09:00–11:00
NgọHorseFireYang11:00–13:00
MùiGoatEarthYin13:00–15:00
ThânMonkeyMetalYang15:00–17:00
DậuRoosterMetalYin17:00–19:00
TuấtDogEarthYang19:00–21:00
HợiPigWaterYin21:00–23:00

The fourth branch, Mão, is the Cat in Vietnam but the Rabbit in China and most other countries.

The 60-cycle

Because 10 and 12 share the factor 2, a yang stem pairs only with a yang branch and a yin stem with a yin branch, giving 60 pairs rather than 120. The cycle runs from Giáp Tý to Quý Hợi and then repeats. Each row below is a block of ten:

Giáp TýẤt SửuBính DầnĐinh MãoMậu ThìnKỷ TỵCanh NgọTân MùiNhâm ThânQuý Dậu
Giáp TuấtẤt HợiBính TýĐinh SửuMậu DầnKỷ MãoCanh ThìnTân TỵNhâm NgọQuý Mùi
Giáp ThânẤt DậuBính TuấtĐinh HợiMậu TýKỷ SửuCanh DầnTân MãoNhâm ThìnQuý Tỵ
Giáp NgọẤt MùiBính ThânĐinh DậuMậu TuấtKỷ HợiCanh TýTân SửuNhâm DầnQuý Mão
Giáp ThìnẤt TỵBính NgọĐinh MùiMậu ThânKỷ DậuCanh TuấtTân HợiNhâm TýQuý Sửu
Giáp DầnẤt MãoBính ThìnĐinh TỵMậu NgọKỷ MùiCanh ThânTân DậuNhâm TuấtQuý Hợi

Note: the Can Chi year follows the lunar year; days from 1 January until Tết still belong to the previous Can Chi year.

How the year, month, day and hour are named

Year

For a Gregorian year, the last digit gives the stem: 4 Giáp, 5 Ất, 6 Bính, 7 Đinh, 8 Mậu, 9 Kỷ, 0 Canh, 1 Tân, 2 Nhâm, 3 Quý. For the branch, subtract 4 and take the remainder after dividing by 12 (0 Tý, 1 Sửu, 2 Dần…). Example 2024: last digit 4 is Giáp; (2024 − 4) mod 12 = 4 is Thìn, so Giáp Thìn.

Month

The first lunar month is always the Dần month, then Mão, Thìn… up to Sửu for the twelfth. The stem of month one depends on the year's stem: Giáp or Kỷ years start Bính Dần; Ất or Canh start Mậu Dần; Bính or Tân start Canh Dần; Đinh or Nhâm start Nhâm Dần; Mậu or Quý start Giáp Dần; later months advance one stem each.

Day

The day cycle of 60 runs continuously with no break at month or year ends. Anchor: 1 January 2000 was Mậu Ngọ.

Hour

The Tý hour (23:00–01:00) is Giáp Tý on days with stem Giáp or Kỷ; Bính Tý for Ất or Canh; Mậu Tý for Bính or Tân; Canh Tý for Đinh or Nhâm; Nhâm Tý for Mậu or Quý. Later hours advance one stem each.

Harmony and clash between branches

RelationPairs / triads
Triad (tam hợp)Thân – Tý – Thìn · Hợi – Mão – Mùi · Dần – Ngọ – Tuất · Tỵ – Dậu – Sửu
Six harmonies (lục hợp)Tý – Sửu · Dần – Hợi · Mão – Tuất · Thìn – Dậu · Tỵ – Thân · Ngọ – Mùi
Six clashes (lục xung)Tý – Ngọ · Sửu – Mùi · Dần – Thân · Mão – Dậu · Thìn – Tuất · Tỵ – Hợi
Six harms (lục hại)Tý – Mùi · Sửu – Ngọ · Dần – Tỵ · Mão – Thìn · Thân – Hợi · Dậu – Tuất

Traditionally triads and six-harmonies are favourable, clashes and harms unfavourable. This is one factor among many in compatibility and day selection, not a verdict on anyone's fate.

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Note: if a birthday falls before Tết, the lunar year (and Can Chi) is the previous year.

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